Commodities

Acknowledgement is made to all those whose glossaries have been consulted and used during the compilation of this one. They include those printed by:

H. Bradley (ed) The Views of the Hosts of Alien Merchants 1440-1444 (LRS, 46) 2012
H. S. Cobb (ed)The Port Book of Southampton 1435-36 (SRS, 5, 1961)
O. Coleman (ed) The Brokage Book of Southampton 1443-44 (SRS, 4, 1961)
S. Flavin and E. T. Jones (eds) Bristol's Trade with Ireland and the Continent 1503-1601 The evidence of the exchequer customs accounts (BRS, 61) 2009
W. A. Harwood (ed) The Southampton Brokage Book 1447-48 (SRS, 62, 2008)
T. B. James (ed)The Port Book of Southampton 1509 (SRS, 32, 1989)
E. A. Lewis (ed) The Southampton Port and Brokage Books 1448-9 (SRS, 36, 1993)
Compact Edition of The Oxford English Dictionary (Oxford, 1971).

Commodity (item)	Sub-category	Designated unit	Measurements used in original text	Category and definition*
almonds	spices	bale	bags, bale, balette, barrel, butt, C, hogshead, pipe, puncheon	consumables food and drink; produce of the almond tree
alum	mordants	bale	bags, bale, balette, barrel, butt, C, clocket, hogshead, pipe, quarter, sack, tun	wool and cloth trade; mordant for fixing the dye in cloth
anchors	anchors	unit	units	construction and shipping trade;
aniseed	spices	bale	bale, little balette	consumables food and drink; seed of anise used in medicine, confectionary and perfumes
apples	fruits	consignment	barrel, basket, pipe, load, quarter	consumables food and drink
bankers	furnishings	unit	units	household goods
barley	grain	consignment	load, quarter	consumables food and drink;
barrels	containers	unit	units, load	packaging, wooden container used for storing and transporting goods
barrels, empty	containers	unit	units, load	packaging; as above
barrels, galley	containers	unit	units, load	packaging; as above
barrels, small	containers	unit	units	packaging; as above
baskets	containers	consignment	barrel, bundle, units	packaging; woven container used for transporting goods particuarly fruit
bastards	cloth	unit	units, cartload	textiles; a woollen cloth
beans	vegetables	quarter	load, quarters	consumables food and drink
bedding	furnishings	load	load	household goods
beds	furnishings	unit	units	household goods;
beds, featherbeds	furnishings	unit	units	household goods; mattress stuffed with feathers
beer	beer	gallon	dolium, load	consumables food and drink
bells	metalware	unit	units	religious
bells, great	metalware	unit	units	religious
biscuits	food	load	load	consumables food and drink; a kind of crisp dry bread
boards	wood	load	load, units	construction and shipping trade
boats	boats	unit	units	construction and shipping trade
bolsters	furnishings	unit	units	household goods
bottles	containers	unit	units	packaging; vessel with a narrow neck for holding liquids
bowls, brass	metalware	unit	units	household goods
bowls, washing	utensils and equipment	unit	units	household goods
bows	weapons	unit	units	military; weapon for shooting arrows
bowstaves	weapons	unit	cartload, C where C equal to 120	military; length of wood used to make into bows
boxstaves	miscellaneous	unit	units, value	industrial raw materials; lengths of wood used to make a box
bran	grain	load	load	consumables food and drink
brasil	dyes	bale	bale, C, fardel	wool and cloth trade; red dye made from wood of East Indian tree Sappan
brass	metalware	C	bundle, C, hogshead, load	household goods
brass, old	metalware	C	basket, C	household goods
bread	bread	unit	units	consumables food and drink
bricks non specific	bricks	load	cart, load	construction and shipping trade
Bridgewaters	cloth	unit	units	textiles; a type of cloth - Cloth of Assize Bridgwater was equal to half a standard cloth
brimstone	combustibles	butt	barrel, butt	military; sulphur
broadcloths	cloth	unit	units	textiles; type of cloth
brushes	utensils and equipment	bundle	basket, bundle	household goods
bullocks	animals	unit	units	livestock
bundles	containers	unit	fardel	packaging
calico	cloth	bundle	fardel	textiles; one of the oldest cottons, originating in Calcutta, India, generally plain white, coarse and light weight
candles	candles	unit	barrel, dozen, value	household goods
candlesticks	utensils and equipment	unit	units	household goods; object for holding a candle
canes non specific	canes	unit	units	construction and shipping trade
cans	metalware	consignment		household goods
canvas	cloth	half fardel	bale, balette, bolt, C, cart, fardel, gybbe, pack	textiles; a strong or coarse unbleached cloth made of hemp or flax
canvas, Vitry	cloth	half fardel	fardel, half fardel	textiles; type of canvas taking name from town in Brittany
cards	tools and equipment	consignment	barrel, basket, dozen, hogshead, pack, pipe, puncheon	wool and cloth trade; pieces of wood on which were fixed pieces of leather with nails inserted, used for disentangling fibres of wool prior to spinning
carpets	furnishings	pack	pack	household goods; coarse or thick cloth used to cover tables and beds as well as floors
cases	containers	unit	horseload	packaging
casks	containers	unit	units	packaging
casks, empty	containers	unit	units	packaging
cauldrons	utensils and equipment	unit	C, units	household goods
chalk	chalk and lime	load	cart, load	construction and shipping trade
chamlett cloth	cloth	pack	fardel, pack	textiles; (chamelet, chamblette, in text) a fine, lustrous woollen fabric made of camel hair, angora wool or silk
cheese	dairy produce	consignment	load, value	consumables food and drink
chests	containers	unit	units, value	packaging
cider	cider	gallon	pipe	consumables food and drink
cinnamon	spices	bale	bale, balette, butt, case, chest, tuns, value	consumables food and drink; inner bark of an East Indian tree, dried in rolls and used as a spice
clapholt	wood	C	the great C contained 2400	industrial raw materials; split timber, often oak, used for making barrel staves
clay	clay	cartload	cartload	construction and shipping trade
cloth non specific	cloth	consignment	cart, cloths, load, packs	textiles
cloves	spices	C	bale, balette, C, quarter	consumables food and drink
coal non specific	coal	quarter	C, chaldron, load, cart, wain	fuel
coal, sea	coal	load	load, quarter	fuel
cod	fish	barrel	barrel	consumables food and drink; marine fish
cod's bones	fish	barrel	barrel	consumables food and drink
cod's heads	fish	barrel	barrel	consumables food and drink
coffers, ship's	containers	unit	units	packaging; ship's chest used for storing or transporting valuable items
combs	tools and equipment	unit	pouch	wool and cloth trade
comfits	confections	C	barrel, C, value	consumables food and drink; sweetmeats made of fruit, root etc. and preserved with sugar
cords	rope	C	C, quintal	construction and shipping trade
cork	cork	barrel	barrel, bundle, butt, C, sack	industrial raw materials
corn	grain	consignment	cart, load, quarter	consumables food and drink
cotton non specific	cotton	bale	bag, balette, C, piece, poke, sack	textiles
cotton russets	cloth	unit	dozen	textiles
coverlets	furnishings	pack	pack, value	household goods
crestcloths	cloth	fardel	fardel	textiles
crocks	utensils and equipment	cartload	cart	household goods
cumin	spices	bale	bag, bale, barrel, little balette, fardel	consumables food and drink
cupboards	furnishings	unit	units	household goods
cups	utensils and equipment	unit	units; custom per dozen	household goods; drinking vessel; custom 0.25d per dozen
currants	spices	butt	bag, barrel, hogshead, pipe, sack, value	consumables food and drink
dates	spices	consignment	bale, butt, C, frail, hogshead, pipe	consumables food and drink; fruit of the date palm
dishes	utensils and equipment	dozen	dozen	household goods
drapes	furnishings	unit	fardel, units	household goods
dredge	raw product baking and brewing	barrel	barrel	consumables food and drink
drywares	miscellaneous	pipe	barrel, fardel, hogshead, vat	miscellaneous
earthern pots	utensils and equipment	consignment	value	household goods
eels	fish	barrel	barrel	consumables food and drink
eels, congers	fish	consignment	burden, barrel, C, hogshead, load, quarter	consumables food and drink
feathers	household goods	sack	bag, sack	household goods
fell powder	powder	pipe	pipe, tun	wool and cloth trade; powder for treating skins
figs	spices	piece	C, frail, quarter, sack, sort, toppett	consumables food and drink; fruit of the fig tree
firkins	containers	unit	units	packaging
fish non specific	fish	C	barrel, burden, load	consumables food and drink
fish oil	oil	barrel	barrel, butt, hogshead, pipe	consumables food and drink; train oil comes from boiling the blubber from whales or seals; in this period could also be fish oil, especially cod liver oil
fish, broad	fish	C	burden, C	consumables food and drink
fish, dry	fish	C	C, hogshead, pipe	consumables food and drink
fish, green	fish	burden	burden	consumables food and drink; fish pickled in brine
fish, Newfoundland	fish	C	barrel, burden	consumables food and drink; salted fish
fish, salted	fish	consignment	burden, C, quarter	consumables food and drink; fish preserved in brine
fish, small	fish	C	C	consumables food and drink
flax	raw product yarn	consignment	bale, C, hogshead, pack	wool and cloth trade
flocks	wool	C	C	wool and cloth trade; a material consisting of refuse wool or cloth shearings used for stuffing mattresses and similar
flour	raw product baking	quarter	quarter	consumables food and drink
frankincense	perfumes	bale	bale	religious
friese	cloth	piece	load, pack, piece, roll	textiles; a kind of coarse woollen cloth
fruit juice	fruits	sorte	sorte	consumables food and drink
fruit non specific	fruits	piece	basket, C, cart, frail, quarter, sort, toppet	consumables food and drink
fuller's earth	earth	barrel	barrel	wool and cloth trade; a sedimentary clay used in the cleaning or fulling process for woollen cloth
furs	hides and skins	balett	balette	skins hides leather
fustian	cloth	piece	piece	textiles; a cloth made of cotton and flax used for clothes or bedding
gallnuts	dyes	bale	bags, bale	wool and cloth trade; growths produced on trees, particularly oak trees, from which tannin could be extracted used in making textile dyes, ink and for medicinal purposes
garfish	fish	consignment	value	consumables food and drink
garlic	vegetables	C	bunch, C (where C = 120 long hundred), quarter	consumables food and drink;
geldings	animals	unit	units	livestock
ginger	spices	bale	bale, balette, barrel,	consumables food and drink; hot fragrant spice made from the rhizome of a plant
ginger, green	spices	barrel	barrel, value	consumables food and drink; rhizome of ginger harvested before it was fully ripe and, almost certainly, preserved before being sent overseas
girths	leather	consignment	quintal	riding equipment; a belt or band of leather or cloth placed round the body of a horse used to secure a saddle or pack
girthwebs	leather	consignment		riding equipment; woven material from which girths are made
glass, glasses	glass	case	case, hogshead, value	household goods; tableware was usually imported; English glass was used for general domestic purposes such as bottles, and English window glass was inferior to continental imports
gowns	clothing	unit	chest	dress; form of clothing
grain	dyes	bale	pipe, tun	wool and cloth trade; a brilliant scarlet coloured dye, the costliest dye; made from the insects kermes
Greek women and children	passengers	load	load	people
greywork	furs	barrel	barrel	skins hides leather; squirrel fur
grinding stones	stone	unit	units, value	milling; stone used for sharpening metal objects
grinding stones, little	stone	unit	units	milling; as above
gum arabic	gum	bale	bale, balette,	industrial raw materials; from the accacia tree a water-soluble gum, used by scribes and illustrators
gurnard*	fish	consignment	pound, pipe	consumables food and drink; a large marine fish
haberdashery	haberdashery and mercery	consignment	barrel, basket, hogshead	haberdashery and mercery
haddock	fish	barrel	barrel	consumables food and drink
hake	fish	C	barrel, burden, butt, C, pack, quarter	consumables food and drink; according to Flavin and Jones there are 120 hake in the C;
hake, dried	fish	C	C	consumables food and drink
hake, salt	fish	C	C	consumables food and drink
harnesses	leather	consignment	barrel, bundle, butt	riding equipment; straps, usually of leather, fitted to a horse for control purposes
hats	clothing	dozen	basket, bundle, dozen	dress
hats, felt	clothing	dozen	dozen	dress
hats, straw	clothing	dozen	basket, dozen	dress
hemp	rope	C	bale, barrel, sack	construction and shipping trade; annual herbaceous plant cultivated for its fibre, used for making cordage
henna	dyes	C		wool and cloth trade
herring	fish	barrel	barrel, butt, C, cade, firkin, hogshead	consumables food and drink
herring, full	fish	barrel	barrel, cade, last	consumables food and drink
herring, red	fish	barrel	barrel, cade, cask	consumables food and drink; herring salted and smoked
herring, red, schot	fish	barrel	barrel, cade, last	consumables food and drink
herring, shot	fish	barrel	barrel, cade, last	consumables food and drink
herring, white	fish	barrel	barrel, cade, firkin, kilderkin	consumables food and drink; herring fresh or preserved in brine
hides non specific	hides and skins	unit	cart, dicker, units	skins hides leather
hides, cow	hides and skins	unit	units	skins hides leather
hides, dry	hides and skins	unit	C	skins hides leather
hides, tanned	hides and skins	unit	dicker, units	skins hides leather
honey	sweeteners	barrel	barrel, pipe	consumables food and drink
hops	raw product brewing	sack	bag, C, cart, load, sack, value	consumables food and drink; female flower of the plant Humulus Lupulus used in beer production
horses	animals	unit	units	livestock
horses, ambling	animals	unit	units	livestock
horses, bay	animals	unit	units	livestock
horses, black	animals	unit	units	livestock
horses, black and white	animals	unit	units	livestock
horses, black, gelding	animals	unit	units	livestock
horses, brown, bay	animals	unit	units	livestock
horses, chestnut	animals	unit	units	livestock
horses, dun	animals	unit	units	livestock
horses, dun, gelding	animals	unit	units	livestock
horses, gelding	animals	unit	units	livestock
horses, grey	animals	unit	units	livestock
horses, grey and white	animals	unit	units	livestock
horses, grey, gelding	animals	unit	units	livestock
horses, red, bay	animals	unit	units	livestock
horses, sorrel	animals	unit	units	livestock
horses, white	animals	unit	units	livestock
household goods	household goods	load	bundle, cart, load	household goods
images	images	consignment		religious
iron	metalware	C	C, dolium, ends, load, pipe, ton	industrial raw materials; metal with a variety of uses, e.g. for making implements, tools and weapons
iron, high quality	metalware	barrel	barrel, value	industrial raw materials
iron, osmond	metalware	barrel	barrel	industrial raw materials;
kerseys	cloth	consignment	dozen, fardel, load, pack, piece	textiles; a coarse narrow cloth, made from long wool, usually ribbed, originally from Kersey in Suffolk; used to make hose
kerseys, reject	cloth	consignment	pack, piece	textiles
kettles	utensils and equipment	basket	basket	household goods
kylett	cloth	fardel	balette, half fardel	textiles
cloth, Lambale	cloth	fardel	fardel	textiles
lampreys	fish	consignment		consumables food and drink
lanyards	rope	bag	bag	construction and shipping trade
laths	wood	cartload	cartload	construction and shipping trade; a thin narrow strip of wood used in the making of a wall or ceiling
lead	metalware	consignment	C, cart, fother, load, value	industrial raw materials
leather	hides and skins	consignment	dicker, load, pack, units	skins hides leather
lemons	fruits	barrel	barrel	consumables food and drink
Lent stuff	Lent stuff	load	load	consumables food and drink
licorice	flavourings	bale	bag, bale	medicinal; rhizome of the plant Glycyrrhiza glabra; made from the evaporated juice of rhizome for sweetmeats and medicinal uses
lime	chalk and lime	load	cart, load	construction and shipping trade
linencloth	cloth	consignment	bale, balette, C, fardel, pack, roll	textiles
linencloth, Dowlas	cloth	fardel	fardel, piece, small fardel	textiles; a coarse linen cloth from Brittany south east of Brest
linencloth, of Ireland	cloth	consignment		textiles
ling	fish	consignment	burden, C	consumables food and drink
liripipes	clothing	unit	units	dress
litmus	dyes	consignment	bags, C, sacks	wool and cloth trade; letmoss, litmus
London wares	various merchandise	load	load	miscellaneous
mace	spices	bale	bale, value	consumables food and drink; an aromatic spice; the reddish fleshy outer covering of the nutmeg, dried and ground as a spice
mackerel	fish	barrel	barrel, C	consumables food and drink
madder	dyes	bale	bale, balette, C, clocket	wool and cloth trade; reddish purple dyestuff obtained from the root of the plant Rubia Tinctorum; also used medicinally
malt	raw product brewing	quarter	bushel, cart, cartload, quarter	consumables food and drink; barley or other grain prepared for brewing
mantles	clothing	unit	units	dress
marble	stone	unit	units	industrial raw materials
marble, household	stone	consignment		industrial raw materials
market stalls	market stalls			market stalls; the broker collected payment for market stalls 1d per day 'for showing'
maslin	grain	quarter	quarter	consumables food and drink
mazers	utensils and equipment	unit	units	household goods; a hardwood drinking bowl
mercery	haberdashery and mercery	consignment	pack, piece	haberdashery and mercery
metalwares	metalware	consignment		household goods
millstones	stone	unit	units	milling; a pair of circular stones which grind corn by rotation of the upper stone on the lower
millstones, small	stone	unit	units	milling; small millstones were sometimes referred to as 'Doggstones' a smaller version of a millstone
milwell	fish	C	burden, C, quarter	consumables food and drink; fish of the cod family
miscellaneous goods	miscellaneous	consignment	bundle, chest, fardel, load	miscellaneous
Molton whites	cloth	pack	pack	textiles; type of cloth, perhaps the same as Molton cloth, which was a kind of coarse, heavily fulled cloth with the warp of hemp and the weft of poor quality carding wool
mortars	utensils and equipment	unit	unit	household goods; a cup shaped receptacle in which ingredients are crushed or ground
muscadel	wine	gallon	barrel	consumables food and drink; a sweet white wine made from muscat or similar grapes
must	wine	gallon	cap, dolium, hogshead, pipe	consumables food and drink; new wine either unfermented or before fermentation is complete
mustard querns	utensils and equipment	unit	unit, value	household goods; used to crush mustard seed
nails non specific	nails	barrel	barrel	construction and shipping trade
nails, boardnails	nails	barrel	little barrel	construction and shipping trade; nails, presumably to nail down wooden boards
nails, lathnails	nails	barrel	barrel, C	construction and shipping trade; type of headed nail used for fixing laths to battens
napery	household linens	pipe	fardel, wallet	household goods; household linens
Northern dozens	cloth	pack		textiles; type of woollen cloth
nutmegs	spices	bale	bale, barrel	consumables food and drink; spice used for culinary and medicinal purposes
nuts	fruits	barrel	bag, barrel, pipe, value	consumables food and drink
oats	grain	quarter	load, quarter	consumables food and drink
oil non specific	oil	gallon	barrel, dolium, pipe, tun	industrial raw materials; a variety of uses and types of oil not distinguished in these records. One of the major uses of oil was in cloth production where it was used to make the yarn more pliable;
olerons	cloth	piece	fardel, piece	textiles; type of cloth originally made in Olerans in France
olives	fruits	hogshead	hogshead	consumables food and drink
omitted	omitted			omitted
onions	vegetables	barrel	barrel, bushel, quarter	consumables food and drink
oranges	fruits	consignment	barrel, basket, C, load, M, value	consumables food and drink
orchil	dyes	barrel	bag, barrel, sack	wool and cloth trade; violet dye obtained from some lichen
orpiment	pigments	barrel	barrel	industrial raw materials; used as a dye; painters' King's yellow, and by alchemists.
oxen, young	animals	unit	unit	livestock
oysters	fish	load	cart, load, M	consumables food and drink;(for an indication of quantity per cart, 30M oysters were taken out in 4 carts in 1538-39)
packs, small	containers	unit	unit	packaging
pans	utensils and equipment	C	bundle, C	household goods
paper non specific	paper	bale	bale, balette, ream, value	household goods
paper, wrapping	paper	bale	bale, balette, bundle, value	packaging; referred to as 'paper spendable'
peaches	fruits	barrel	barrel	consumables food and drink
peas	vegetables	quarter	quarter	consumables food and drink; eaten as a vegetable or pulse when dried
pepper	spices	bale	bag, bale, butt, fardel	consumables food and drink; spice derived from peppercorns, the pepper plant
pepper (long)	spices	bale	bale	consumables food and drink; spikes of small white berries which turn brown when washed, milder than black pepper
perry	cider	gallon	hogshead	consumables food and drink; drink made from fermented juice of pears
pewter vessels	metalware	unit	unit	household goods; a grey alloy of tin and lead
pewter, various	metalware	consignment	C	household goods; a grey alloy of tin and lead
pigs	animals	unit	unit	livestock
pilchards	fish	barrel	barrel, hogshead	consumables food and drink
pitch	pitch	barrel	barrel, cakes	construction and shipping trade; a sticky brown/black substance which hardens on cooling, used for waterproofing; to seal ships after caulking and to brand animals
plaster	plaster	load	load	construction and shipping trade
plaster of Paris	plaster	load	load	construction and shipping trade
plums, red	fruits	barrel	barrel, balette	consumables food and drink; probably fresh plums, rather than preserved 'prunes'
pollock	fish	C	burden, pipe	consumables food and drink; a marine fish
pomegranates	fruits	pipe	pipe	consumables food and drink; type of fruit
Portuguese men women and children	passengers	load		people
pots	utensils and equipment	consignment	basket, barrel, C, load, unit	household goods
pots and jugs	utensils and equipment	basket	C, value	household goods
pots and pans, metal	metalware	cart	cart	household goods; batryware - hammered metal;
pots, Caly	utensils and equipment	unit	unit	household goods
pots, Genoese	furnishings	unit	basket, unit	household goods
pots, painted	furnishings	case	case	household goods
prunes	spices	consignment	barrel, chest, hogshead, piece, value	consumables food and drink; dried/preserved plums
pulses	vegetables	quarter	quarter	consumables food and drink
puncheons, dry	casks	unit	unit	packaging
query	query			query
quilts	furnishings	unit	unit	household goods
rabbits	animals	consignment		livestock
raisins	spices	piece	bag, barrel, butt, C, cart, frail, load, piece, sports, toppys	consumables food and drink
raisins, white	spices	piece	piece	consumables food and drink
raw cloth	cloth	consignment		textiles
resin	resin	C	barrel, C, cake, piece, pipe, pound, sack	industrial raw materials; sticky flammable substance exuded by some trees
rice	spices	bale	bag, bale, balette, little balette, dolium	consumables food and drink
ropes	rope	consignment	C, cartload, pack	construction and shipping trade; rope, cord of varying thickness, made from hemp and flax; sometimes referred to in the accounts as 'Bridportware' since Bridport was already associated with the manufacture of rope in this period
ropes and cables	rope	consignment	load	construction and shipping trade; see ropes
russetcloth	cloth	dozen	dozen	textiles; a coarse woollen cloth; originally reddish-brown, a cheap, light, broadloom cloth, dyed with madder
sack	wine	gallon	butt, pipe	consumables food and drink
sackcloth	cloth	unit		textiles; coarse fabric used mainly for bags and sacks and wrapping bales
saddles	leather	unit	unit	riding equipment; seat for a horse rider
saffron	spices	consignment	barrel, case, sack	consumables food and drink; an orange-yellow spice used for flavouring and colouring food and produced from the dried stigmas of a crocus
salades	armour	unit	units	military; a lightweight helmet with a vision slit or movable visor
salmon	fish	barrel	barrel, butt, hogshead	consumables food and drink
salt non specific	condiments, preservatives	quarter	cart, load,	consumables food and drink
salt, Bay	condiments, preservatives	quarter	quarter	consumables food and drink; originating from the Bay of Borgneuf, France
salt, reject	condiments, preservatives	quarter	bushel, quarter	consumables food and drink
salt, white	condiments, preservatives	quarter		consumables food and drink
saltpetre	combustibles	barrel	bale, barrel	military; potassium nitrate used in gunpowder; also used in dyeing and in medicines; imported from Sicily
sardines	fish	barrel	barrel	consumables food and drink
scoops and shovels	utensils and equipment	dozen	dozen	household goods
scouring stones	stone	C	C, value	industrial raw materials
shears	tools and equipment	unit	unit	wool and cloth trade
shoes	clothing	hogshead	hogshead	dress
shovels	utensils and equipment	unit	dozen, unit	household goods
silk	cloth	bale	bale, C, fangot, fardel, little balette	fine strong lustrous fibre produced by silkworms and woven into fabric
skins non specific	hides and skins	consignment	bale, bundle, C, cart, dozen, fardel, pack	skins hides leather
skins, black	hides and skins	bale	bale	skins hides leather
skins, calf	hides and skins	unit	dozen, pack, unit	skins hides leather; a form of leather
skins, lamb	hides and skins	unit	bale, fardel, unit	skins hides leather
skins, rabbit	hides and skins	C	basket, C	skins hides leather
skins, sheep	hides and skins	unit	bundle, C, dozen, unit	skins hides leather
slates non specific	slates	consignment	C, cart, load, M	construction and shipping trade; grey or bluish metamorphic rock easily split into smooth flat pieces suitable for roofing
soap non specific	soap	consignment	barrel, case, chest, hogshead, pipe, puncheon, serons	wool and cloth trade; substance used for cleaning
soap, black	soap	barrel	barrel	wool and cloth trade; cruder form of soap, coming mainly from Spain, used for industrial purposes in cloth production
soap, white	soap	consignment	barrel, C, case, hogshead, puncheon	household goods; more refined soap, coming mainly from Spain, for personal use
spices non specific	spices	cart	bale, balette, cart, sack	consumables food and drink
spinning turnes	tools and equipment	unit	unit	wool and cloth trade; spinning wheel windlass or the like
spirecanes	canes	C	bundle, C, value	construction and shipping trade
sponges	household goods	bag	bag	household goods
sprats	fish	cade	barrel, cade, cask, last, load	consumables food and drink; term sprat can also include many small fish including herring
spruceware	furnishings	consignment		household goods
starch flour	flour	barrel	barrel	consumables food and drink
steel	metalware	barrel	barrel	industrial raw materials
stockfish	fish	C	C, quarter, unit	consumables food and drink; salt fish
stones, Caen	stone	load	load, ton, unit	construction and shipping trade
stones, flat	stone	consignment		construction and shipping trade
stones, freestone	stone	unit	unit	construction and shipping trade
stones, paving (see also tiles, paving)	stone	C	C	construction and shipping trade; for floors and courts
straitcloths	cloth	consignment	C, dozen, pack, unit	textiles; straitcloths or narrow cloths of single width (1 yard) usually only 12 yards long
stuff	miscellaneous	load	load	miscellaneous
sturgeon	fish	barrel	barrel	consumables food and drink; large scaleless fish
sugar	spices	case	bale, barrel, baskets, butt, case, loaves, pounds	consumables food and drink
sugar, pot sugar	spices	pots	frail, hogshead, pots, sports	consumables food and drink
syrup	sweeteners	barrel	barrel	consumables food and drink
tables	furnishings	unit	unit	household goods
tables, alabaster	furnishings	unit	cart	household goods
tables, spruce	furnishings	unit	unit	household goods
tallow	fuel and lighting	consignment	cart, hogshead, load	household goods; substance obtained from melting animal fat and used for making candles and soap, and also to dress leather
tanning vats	tools and equipment	consignment		industrial raw materials
tar	tar	barrel	barrel	industrial raw materials; flammable liquid produced from coal or wood and used as a preservative
teasels	tools and equipment	skive	buden, cartload, skive	wool and cloth trade; dried head of tall prickly plant used to raise nap on fabric
tennis balls	recreation	pipe	hogshead, pipe	household goods; used in the game of tennis
tente	wine	gallon	hogshead	consumables food and drink
thread non specific	haberdashery and mercery	consignment	butt, pack	haberdashery and mercery
thread, Cologne	haberdashery and mercery	consignment	bundle, dozen, pack, pound	haberdashery and mercery
thread, cotton	haberdashery and mercery	consignment	bag, bale	haberdashery and mercery
thread, linen	haberdashery and mercery	consignment	balette, C, pack, piece	haberdashery and mercery
tiles	tiles	load	load	construction and shipping trade
tiles (Flanders)	tiles	C	C	construction and shipping trade
tiles (red)	tiles	load	load	construction and shipping trade
tiles, paving (see also stones, paving)	tiles	C	C	construction and shipping trade; for floors and courts, often glazed with a design
timber (see also wood)	wood	load	load	construction and shipping trade
timber, for a bed	wood	piece	piece	household goods
timber, greyboard	wood	unit	unit	construction and shipping trade
tin	metalware	piece	barrel, C, cart, piece, wain	industrial raw materials; a well-known metal with a variety of uses
tovy (uncleansed flax)	raw product wool	hogshead	hogshead	wool and cloth trade; uncleansed flax
treen	utensils and equipment	bale	bale	household goods; small domestic wooden items
trenchers	utensils and equipment	basket	basket, pouch	household goods; a plate or platter, wood, metal or earthernware
tuna	fish	barrel	barrel	consumables food and drink; ton(n)y 16thC tunny, 1480 fished from ancient times in the Mediterranean
tuns (empty)	containers	unit		packaging; a cask of capacity 2 pipes or 2 hogsheads wine
turners wares	utensils and equipment	consignment		household goods; probably wooden vessels
turpentine*	medicinal	barrel	barrel	consumables food and drink; resin used for medicinal purposes
unclassified (capil?)	unclassified	consignment		unclassified
unclassified (caprett)	unclassified	consignment	barrel, bundle	unclassified
unclassified (cornysshe)	unclassified	consignment		unclassified
unclassified (emmori?)	unclassified	consignment		unclassified
unclassified (gauges)	unclassified	consignment		unclassified
unclassified (ge*veysed)	unclassified	consignment	bushel	unclassified
unclassified (hares*)	unclassified	consignment		unclassified
unclassified (ledokpin)	unclassified	consignment	value	unclassified
unclassified (magrerme)	unclassified	consignment		unclassified
unclassified (mowsanne)	unclassified	consignment		unclassified
unclassified (pork fat)	unclassified	consignment	cap	unclassified
unclassified (stakes)	unclassified	consignment	pipe	unclassified
unclassified (verneshe*)	unclassified	consignment		unclassified
unclassified (wulverstone)	unclassified	consignment	cade	unclassified
unknown	unknown	consignment		unknown
utensils	utensils and equipment	consignment		household goods
various merchandise	various merchandise	consignment	barrel, cart, chest, hogshead	miscellaneous
vats	tools and equipment	unit		industrial raw materials; a large tub or container used to hold liquid, e.g. for processing leather using tannin
verdigris	verdigris	bale	bale	industrial raw materials; also medicinal
verge	cloth	barrel	barrel	textiles
vinegar	condiments, preservatives	gallon	barrel, hogshead, pipe	consumables food and drink; type of 'corrupt' wine used in cooking and for preserving food
wainscot	furnishings	unit	cart	household goods; superior quality foreign oak imported from Russia, Germany and Holland, used for panel work
wax	fuel and lighting	C	bale, basket, butt, C, cake, piece, quarter	religious; used for candle making and seals
Welshcloth	cloth	unit	dozen	textiles; probably Welsh friese cloth a coarse woollen cloth
wheat	grain	consignment	cart, load, modiis, quarter	consumables food and drink; A grain used to produce flour; in books, SC5/5/1,3,8,13,14,28,29,30, 'frumentum' was used throughout and appears in the database as 'wheat'. In booksSC5/5/33,37,38 where the original text is in English the word 'corn' is used; there is one entry for 'bladum' corn.
whipcord	cloth	quintal	quintal	textiles
whitecloth	cloth	unit	packs	textiles; type of cloth
whiting	fish	consignment	barrel, basket, pipe	consumables food and drink;
wholecloths	cloth	unit	unit	textiles
wicks	candle wicks	C	C	industrial raw materials; yarn used in making candles
wine non specific	wine	gallon	barrel, butt, dolium, hogshead, pipe	consumables food and drink
wine, bastard	wine	gallon	butt, dolium, pipe, tun	consumables food and drink; sweet Spanish wine
wine, coyte	wine	gallon	barrel, pipe	consumables food and drink
wine, malmsey	wine	gallon	barrel, butt, little barrel	consumables food and drink; a sweet wine which later became known as madeira
wine, new	wine	gallon	pipe	consumables food and drink
wine, red	wine	gallon	barrel, pipe, puncheon	consumables food and drink
wine, Rochelle	wine	gallon	dolium	consumables food and drink
wine, rumney	wine	gallon	butt, pipe	consumables food and drink; sweet Greek wine
wine, sweet	wine	gallon	barrel, butt, pipe	consumables food and drink
wine, white	wine	gallon	barrel	consumables food and drink
woad	dyes	balette	bale, balette, C	wool and cloth trade: a blue dye used by the cloth industry; recorded in balettes or half bales weighing 2C
wood ashes	mordants	barrel	barrel, semys, value	wool and cloth trade; used to provide an alkaline base for fixing dyes
wood mould	wood	roll	roll	construction and shipping trade
wood, various	wood	consignment		construction and shipping trade
wool non specific	wool	consignment	cart, consignmrent, pocket, poke, sack, sarpler, waine	wool and cloth trade
wool, lambswool	wool	barrel	barrel	wool and cloth trade
wool, low quality	wool	sack	cart, poke, sack, sarpler	wool and cloth trade; (loks) the inferior wool from the legs and belly of the sheep
wool, reject	wool	sack	sack	wool and cloth trade
woolcloths	cloth	consignment	cart, consignment, fardel, pack	textiles
woolfells	hides and skins	C	C, dozen	skins hides leather
writing pens	utensils and equipment	barrel	barrel	household goods
yarn	yarn	pack	bale, pack	wool and cloth trade
yarn, mache	yarn	C	C	wool and cloth trade
yarn, wick	yarn	C	C	wool and cloth trade; possibly yarn used to make candle wicks